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as October 26
Our research on the communication models is complete. We studied models of famous psychologists and sociologists, and dealt also with the concepts of communication, etc., sender, recipient, message, channel.
classical sender-receiver model
As most traditional among the linear models of communication, the called " Classic sender-receiver model " by Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver. This feature both sender and receiver have a character set. Both connect via an information channel in contact with which an encoded message is delivered. Information is encoded in signs, and then transmitted to the receiver. Transmitter and receiver have here the same coding for the understanding of the message have.
Although this model is very old (it dates back to 1949), it still has significance as the main focus of this model on the transmission of technical content. So in With digital communications, the basic requirement to connect with people in contact.
six-tier model
Second, linear communication model, we examined the " six-membered model " by ROMAN JACKOBSON. JACKOBSON is in his model of six components - from communications - each with different functions. The transmitter (emotive function) uses his voice functionality and can use his language and his actions seem expressive. The receiver performs a conative function, the message is directed targeted to the recipient. The contact (the phatic function) is the third component of the model. He has extended to the mere purpose to create communication, or pause. Here is not the sense or the information communicated in the foreground, but only the production of contact. The code (the metalinguistic function) makes use of illustration and interaction between the transmitter and receiver. This involves understanding the content and use the question of whether the sender and the receiver the same code. The message (poetic function) refers to the structure of language, its characters and objects. The last component represents the context, the referential function.
language releases JACKOBSON fulfill different functions. Their diversity is the different hierarchical arrangement.
five axioms
Paul Watzlawick is in his theory is no longer a linear, but by a circular model of communication. He said communication means " five axioms , is probably the most famous axiom" You can not not communicate. " This means that communication is always an interaction occurs, whether we like it or not. Thus, Behavior of any kind of communication already. Each communication also has a content and a relationship aspect, ie the factual information out, the transmitter has a relationship with the recipient. This is called the well-known meta-communication. Communication functions for circular WATZLAWICK , some will take a break the circle, he calls this "punctuation". Also distinguish between analog and digital communication. Analog communication represents a similarity relation to the object, ie, the character has a resemblance to what would show it. Digital communication is a term for something, eg a description of the object by Scripture. For this we need language, a code that in turn learned. The last axiom is under WATZLAWICK on the interaction, he speaks of balanced, based on equality and complementary, so unequal interaction.
four-page model
The " four-page model " , including communication square called by Friedemann Schulz von Thun sees the level of personal reference as own basic component of human communication. His concern, existing communication theories is optimal in its own to integrate and thus create a real help for everyday communication in theory and practice. For von Thun messages containing many messages, the recipients are based on 4 criteria decrypted and processed. One side of the model is the factual content, that is, the contents of the message. The self-disclosure page describes the intentions and feelings. The relationship site provides information, which keeps the receiver from the transmitter and how they relate to each other. The appeal site explains the possible actions of the receiver after receiving the message.
theory of communicative action
The sociologist and social philosopher Jürgen Habermas describes in his "theory of communicative action" a mental model of the ideal communication situation. Its central object of analysis is the linguistic act, all to communicate what we should be justified and criticized. For this purpose, but must be the following condition:
first the comprehensibility of the sign used
second the factual truth of the information to (objective truth)
third one's own truth (subjective truth)
4th the accuracy of exposure, ie, the utterance must be acceptable in the light of both parties recognized values and standards be (normative truth).
discourse models
Vilem Flusser, however, has combined in his " discourse models " linear and dialogic forms of communication. It assumes that discourses have the task of distributing information that was available to protect them from decay. At the same time must take place but also a process of dissemination.
systems theory
Niklas Luhmann devotes his " systems theory " with communication systems. Several groups simultaneously form a system. These have an internal and external communications. The internal groups are connected not only with each other, but for large organizations and subsystems. The external communication with individuals, groups and other systems.
Conclusion
can be generally divided the studied communication models in different categories. These are models that are based on the language, such as the "classical sender-receiver model, psychological models, such as the" Five Axioms "by Paul Watzlawick, process models, as Flusser, or sociological models, here the systems theory of Luhmann for communication systems. We are through our research, however, came to the realization that there is something called a "universal" model of communication does not exist or is not given, as each model on its way again the advantages and disadvantages with it. We will integrate the advantages of the models into our software, this will make it most evident in the functions of the recipient. So shall precisely to the recipient or user is received and this should not feel restricted by the digital nature.
addition this research gave us an impetus to us to deal with the definition of communication, especially With regard to digital media. In this case, refers interpersonal communication rather than by a machine, it is not necessary that the communicators are local and physically present.
questions concern us
communication is equated by the exchange of information or even the term interaction?
does what extent is a digital communications into our personality, thus changing our social behavior?
How much intimacy is left to the user in the future-oriented digital communication received?
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