Does Anyone Wear An Nylon Overall For Housework

The "Assault at Arms" in England in the 19th Century

The term "Assault at (or 'of') Arms" means, in Anglo-American language area fencers in a competition in various disciplines in public. Events of this type is particularly enjoyed in England of the 19th Century a great popularity. Tony Wolf, the author has shown in 2001 in an article in the history of these events. He worked on it intensively with the English of the press on this subject published news articles and illustrations.

The "Assault at Arms" grew out of drill exercises and competitions of the British Army. Founded in the 1860s, British Army Physical Training Corps forced structural changes to the military. The new education and training plans provided strengthened, physical exercises and standardized training drills for the troops. The Corps soon took over the popular especially in the colonial troops competitions (including gymkhana) and completed the race spectrum to other disciplines. The resulting sporting, tactical and drill-fencer's matches with the troops enjoyed a growing popularity. The number of held Assault at Arms "was growing from year to year.

at events such as in 1878, held at the Albert Hall "Assault at Arms" or the defiant Startschwieirgkeiten from 1880 every year held "Islington Tournament" was the contestants prove their skills and fight for glory and honor

The competition disciplines of the tournaments were varied Contestants are needed to include in the following competitions:.. the "Turks head" with a sword strike, the ring-off, the single stick fencing, lance vs. lance, lance vs. bayonet, sword vs. sword (mounted), sword vs.. Lance (mounted), sword vs.. bayonet, sword vs. saber, saber vs.. Bayonet Foil vs. foil, epee competition, vs. bayonet. Bayonet, bayonet-team competition and jumping.

arranged for the evening program, the organizers the large "Assault at Arms" spectacular programs. It was demonstrated cavalry tactics, military bands played on and artillery maneuvers were held as an obstacle race. Also present specially built premises were reconstructed scenes of famous historical battles and skirmishes of the British Army.

addition to the military and civilian groups organized tournaments organized their own "Assault at Arms", such as amateur sports clubs and universities.

Some of the "Assault at Arms", both military and civilian, were well into the 20th Century held inside.

The full article by Tony Wolf in the Journal of Manly Arts

Moster Energy Backpacks

Paulus Kal - a fencing master of the 15th Century

Paulus Kal and his master Louis the Rich, BSB Cgm 1507, 4r;
in the banner to read: "Gene Diger Sir, I vow to you the service
my God and be loved a sullen muter be our helper"

Paulus Kal was a fencing master, who in the second half of the 15th Century lived. He left several fencing manuscripts, including CGM 1507 (Munich) , in which he explained his extensive teaching fencing. Pen drawn characters illustrate with it plots for Roßfechten, fencing armor, axes, shield and piston, sword and buckler, long sword, knife, dagger and wrestling.

His life is relatively well documented. With the information that we can see from his manuscripts, and the search for Rainer wave ("and knew that all wrestling cometh höbischeit of deme", 1993) to the survival data of Paul Kal from account books and old documents created an exciting, although of course incomplete biography, an insight into the life and mission of the 15th world of a fencing master Century there.

His teacher was fencing champion Stettner, who, like Kal, in the tradition John Auer's light is to be located. Stettner those masters of the manuscript itself is unfortunately not survived taught Paulus Kal the pieces of the Bloss-chivalrous and Harnischfechtens with the various militias.

His first job was Paul Kal on 29/09/1450 at Bavarian Duke Ludwig IX. the Rich (1417-1479), and then remained almost 20 years in his service. As her designated Schirmmeister he provided from the date of his appointment to his duties at the court of the wealthy Duke of Landshut. The fencer and several education and training of the students entrusted to him certainly was his main field of activity. But teaching was not his only activity. He often acted in legal and military issues for his master as a guide and servant.

He proved himself in war against his master 1459-1463 Margrave Albrecht Achilles of Brandenburg, who has gone into the war as Bavarian Geschichstbücher. Both Albrecht Achilles and Ludwig the Rich in the late 1450s were trying years to expand its sphere of influence in the kingdom. Here, their spheres of interest inevitably pushed together. Albrecht cherished desires for the re-establishment of the Duchy of Franconia and Ludwig had stretched to the inclusion of the Duchy of Bavaria-Ingolstadt in their own territory his hand after a new goal of the Free City Donauwörth. The conquest of Donauwörth 1459 by Louis the rich were finally triggered the war. Ludwig has been demonstrated for this act by the emperor to the imperial ban, and Margrave Albrecht Achilles should enforce the Empire. Princes of the south and central Germany were partisans of either side. The war ended in 1463 with a comparison between the rich and Ludwig Albrecht Achilles. In this conflict, for his master Paulus Kal moved into the field. According to entries in account books he was the leader of a unit of riflemen. In the four years of conflict he was involved with high probability actively in hostilities.

Two years after the conclusion of peace, on 02/02/1465, received Paulus Kal of his master Louis the Office of the Mauthe of Dingolfing, he accompanied the subsequent nine years. This office was provided with the small customs law and guaranteed him this additional income.

In 1468, his master ordered him again to the field. This time it was against the federal government Böckler. The Böckler Confederation was a group of noble families of the Bavarian Forest, which sought to protect himself by an alliance against the Hussites of Bohemia. They also gained a degree of independence, which displeased the Duke Albrecht IV of Bavaria-Munich. He aimed at the destruction of the Federation. Finally, the federal government to operate Böckler Albrecht IV became the Emperor in 1467 resolved, which accepted the members of the Federal reluctantly. investigated as members of the dissolved Böckler covenant in their reluctance to support Bohemian nobility, came in November 1468 to the outbreak of war. Supported by the troops of his brother Louis IX. Albrecht IV took a one-year campaign in succession all of the remaining strongholds Böckler. In that feud took Paulus Kal Degenberg'sche the castle Säldenburg. This time he explained how the account books show that not only riflemen with him but also carpenters. This may have been used in sieges for the design of appropriate equipment.

In 1479 Louis IX died. The service contract of employment of Paul Kal at Landshut court went out. But on 02/12/1480 he found new employment. He was Schirmmeister by Archduke Sigismund of Austria, called the Rich (1427 - 1496), which he put his skills as an armorer for life in service. Paulus Kal was in his contract in addition to the agreed salary, a disability insurance undertaken. In the case of an injury or Vestümmelung in the exercise of its activities in peace or war would be his master Paulus Kal Sigismund thus been adequately compensated. In
service of his Lord was Sigismund of Austria Paulus Kal then probably until his death.

Dagmara Gładysz Gliwice

cosmology as a new alchemy?

you here for a link from the current EnlightenNext newsletter
a Mark Vernon - articles about cosmology as a new alchemy .


(Source: pixelio.de / udo nowak)