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Paulus Kal - a fencing master of the 15th Century

Paulus Kal and his master Louis the Rich, BSB Cgm 1507, 4r;
in the banner to read: "Gene Diger Sir, I vow to you the service
my God and be loved a sullen muter be our helper"

Paulus Kal was a fencing master, who in the second half of the 15th Century lived. He left several fencing manuscripts, including CGM 1507 (Munich) , in which he explained his extensive teaching fencing. Pen drawn characters illustrate with it plots for Roßfechten, fencing armor, axes, shield and piston, sword and buckler, long sword, knife, dagger and wrestling.

His life is relatively well documented. With the information that we can see from his manuscripts, and the search for Rainer wave ("and knew that all wrestling cometh höbischeit of deme", 1993) to the survival data of Paul Kal from account books and old documents created an exciting, although of course incomplete biography, an insight into the life and mission of the 15th world of a fencing master Century there.

His teacher was fencing champion Stettner, who, like Kal, in the tradition John Auer's light is to be located. Stettner those masters of the manuscript itself is unfortunately not survived taught Paulus Kal the pieces of the Bloss-chivalrous and Harnischfechtens with the various militias.

His first job was Paul Kal on 29/09/1450 at Bavarian Duke Ludwig IX. the Rich (1417-1479), and then remained almost 20 years in his service. As her designated Schirmmeister he provided from the date of his appointment to his duties at the court of the wealthy Duke of Landshut. The fencer and several education and training of the students entrusted to him certainly was his main field of activity. But teaching was not his only activity. He often acted in legal and military issues for his master as a guide and servant.

He proved himself in war against his master 1459-1463 Margrave Albrecht Achilles of Brandenburg, who has gone into the war as Bavarian Geschichstbücher. Both Albrecht Achilles and Ludwig the Rich in the late 1450s were trying years to expand its sphere of influence in the kingdom. Here, their spheres of interest inevitably pushed together. Albrecht cherished desires for the re-establishment of the Duchy of Franconia and Ludwig had stretched to the inclusion of the Duchy of Bavaria-Ingolstadt in their own territory his hand after a new goal of the Free City Donauwörth. The conquest of Donauwörth 1459 by Louis the rich were finally triggered the war. Ludwig has been demonstrated for this act by the emperor to the imperial ban, and Margrave Albrecht Achilles should enforce the Empire. Princes of the south and central Germany were partisans of either side. The war ended in 1463 with a comparison between the rich and Ludwig Albrecht Achilles. In this conflict, for his master Paulus Kal moved into the field. According to entries in account books he was the leader of a unit of riflemen. In the four years of conflict he was involved with high probability actively in hostilities.

Two years after the conclusion of peace, on 02/02/1465, received Paulus Kal of his master Louis the Office of the Mauthe of Dingolfing, he accompanied the subsequent nine years. This office was provided with the small customs law and guaranteed him this additional income.

In 1468, his master ordered him again to the field. This time it was against the federal government Böckler. The Böckler Confederation was a group of noble families of the Bavarian Forest, which sought to protect himself by an alliance against the Hussites of Bohemia. They also gained a degree of independence, which displeased the Duke Albrecht IV of Bavaria-Munich. He aimed at the destruction of the Federation. Finally, the federal government to operate Böckler Albrecht IV became the Emperor in 1467 resolved, which accepted the members of the Federal reluctantly. investigated as members of the dissolved Böckler covenant in their reluctance to support Bohemian nobility, came in November 1468 to the outbreak of war. Supported by the troops of his brother Louis IX. Albrecht IV took a one-year campaign in succession all of the remaining strongholds Böckler. In that feud took Paulus Kal Degenberg'sche the castle Säldenburg. This time he explained how the account books show that not only riflemen with him but also carpenters. This may have been used in sieges for the design of appropriate equipment.

In 1479 Louis IX died. The service contract of employment of Paul Kal at Landshut court went out. But on 02/12/1480 he found new employment. He was Schirmmeister by Archduke Sigismund of Austria, called the Rich (1427 - 1496), which he put his skills as an armorer for life in service. Paulus Kal was in his contract in addition to the agreed salary, a disability insurance undertaken. In the case of an injury or Vestümmelung in the exercise of its activities in peace or war would be his master Paulus Kal Sigismund thus been adequately compensated. In
service of his Lord was Sigismund of Austria Paulus Kal then probably until his death.