This week marks the 624th Times the legal battle between Jean Jacques Le Gris de Carrouges and, on 29 December 1386 at the monastery of Saint-Martin-des-Champs in Paris was held. The dramatic duel and its background caused a big stir in France and across Europe. Many chroniclers and historians take up the issue in the following years and centuries in their works. Sun Froissart mentions the process, just as Jean Juvenal des Ursins and Jehan de Waurin, the Chronique de Saint-Denys du Religieux, Diderot and d'Alemebert, Voltaire and on a number of historians of the 19th Century. In the recent past, the English professor Eric Jager to the case on the basis of case files and other original documents and reconstructs its Research in the book "On my honor, and death. A chivalrous duel for a woman's life "(eng.: The Last Duel) collected.
The following is a description of those events as they present us the above mentioned chronicles and history books. They are not always consistent.
Jean Jacques Le Gris de Carrouges accused his wife of having raped Margeruite de Carrouges. Jacques Le Gris denied the allegations. Explosive allegations were particularly because the relationship had changed from Carrouges and Le Gris in previous years of good acquaintance, to competition and hostility. The case went up before the highest court in France, the Parliament in Paris. There, it was decided after a lengthy process to have resolve the dispute between the two courts in a battle, because otherwise seemed not a possible truth.
Now the preparations for the duel with the choice of venue and date. The place of the duel between Carrouges and Le Gris, the monastery of Saint-Martin-des-Champs in Paris was determined. Saint-Martin-des-Champs had a battle field, because it was one of those official sites in France, where legal battles could be fought. The battlefield was "24 paces wide and 96 feet long (about 18 x 72 meters). Especially for this duel had structural alterations on Space will be made: two fences around the battlefield, one of them more than 2 feet high, were built, also stands on the battlefield two platforms with throne-like chairs and a pavilion on each side for storage.
The date of the duel was the 29th Determined in December 1386. Many people and also the king were present that day in Saint-Martin-des-Champs. The last episode of the process had begun. The battle was imminent. At noon of the first "Appelant" Carrouges and his entourage, then Carrouges woman and the last of the "Défendeur Le Gris, also with entourage appeared. Both combatants ever led a battle horse, a Spear, two swords, a hatchet, a dagger, a shield, a small leather bag of wine, wrapped in a blanket of bread (to provide themselves during the fight) and a bag of SiIlbermünzen (to pay for the use of the battlefield) with it. Once on the battlefield, both reiterated to her concerns and allegations, investigate left their weapons for illegal means and enchantments, heard the heralds of the rules for the spectators and the fighters proclaimed and sworn last updated on an altar, which carried it to the battlefield was three oaths on the their cause is righteous before God.
This was the final preparations for battle made. Now both fighters were waiting for the beginning of the struggle in which there would be only one rule: should be fought until one gave up the two combatants or dead and thus beyond doubt the guilt was certain.
The herald cried three times: "Faites vos devoirs" (Do your duty), then a white glove flung through the air and shouted: "Laissez les-all" (Let it go). The battle had begun. Carrouges and Le Gris rode three times against each other, then broke their lances. Both changed the battle from the saddle and trying to shock the armor of the enemy to penetrate or "the enemy off balance and get out of the saddle to To consider giving each other caught on the bent part of the ax. " "Several times they parted, to rest and take breath, and then they took their futile struggle again." During the Axefighting lost their lives both horses, both combatants and their axes. On the ground they fought with swords and attacked more now "full of rage and courage" with "cutting, pushing and hitting." Le Gris discovered a nakedness to Carrouges and gave him the sword in the thigh, but quickly pulled it back out and then backed away. "The wound might have been fatal if his enemy had left the blade in the wound. But [he; Author's note] pulled out his sword immediately. " Maybe he will now wait until the blood loss Carrouges weakened and made an easy target. Carrouges but "summoned all his strength, his courage and went up to his enemy." "His left hand grabbed Carrouges Le Gris at the top of his helmet, drew the enemy toward him, suddenly stepped back several steps and threw his opponent to the ground where he lay stretched out and could not get up because of the weight of his armor." Carrouges, standing over him, "struggled to find a gap or a crack in the armor of his enemy, but the squire was wrapped from head to foot in steel." Carrouges went into the ground fighting, fixed Le Gris, as he knelt on him and broke up after a long and tough battle, the castle of Le Gries visor helmet. Carrouges drew his dagger and shouted at him to confess. Le Gris shouted back: "In the name of God and the danger of damnation of my soul back, I am not guilty of this crime." With the words "was then condemned" Carrouges killed with the dagger his opponent. Then, after a moment of pause, he went to the royal stand, bowed before it, and cried then turned to the quantity: (Did I fulfill my duty)? "Ai-je fait mon devoir" And the crowd responds: "Oui ! Oui! ". This image on the preparations and the end of the duel is given by the research of Eric Jager.
In contrast, the chronicler Froissart the course of the battle described in his Chronicles (Book III, Chapter 46) as follows:
The following is a description of those events as they present us the above mentioned chronicles and history books. They are not always consistent.
Jean Jacques Le Gris de Carrouges accused his wife of having raped Margeruite de Carrouges. Jacques Le Gris denied the allegations. Explosive allegations were particularly because the relationship had changed from Carrouges and Le Gris in previous years of good acquaintance, to competition and hostility. The case went up before the highest court in France, the Parliament in Paris. There, it was decided after a lengthy process to have resolve the dispute between the two courts in a battle, because otherwise seemed not a possible truth.
Now the preparations for the duel with the choice of venue and date. The place of the duel between Carrouges and Le Gris, the monastery of Saint-Martin-des-Champs in Paris was determined. Saint-Martin-des-Champs had a battle field, because it was one of those official sites in France, where legal battles could be fought. The battlefield was "24 paces wide and 96 feet long (about 18 x 72 meters). Especially for this duel had structural alterations on Space will be made: two fences around the battlefield, one of them more than 2 feet high, were built, also stands on the battlefield two platforms with throne-like chairs and a pavilion on each side for storage.
The date of the duel was the 29th Determined in December 1386. Many people and also the king were present that day in Saint-Martin-des-Champs. The last episode of the process had begun. The battle was imminent. At noon of the first "Appelant" Carrouges and his entourage, then Carrouges woman and the last of the "Défendeur Le Gris, also with entourage appeared. Both combatants ever led a battle horse, a Spear, two swords, a hatchet, a dagger, a shield, a small leather bag of wine, wrapped in a blanket of bread (to provide themselves during the fight) and a bag of SiIlbermünzen (to pay for the use of the battlefield) with it. Once on the battlefield, both reiterated to her concerns and allegations, investigate left their weapons for illegal means and enchantments, heard the heralds of the rules for the spectators and the fighters proclaimed and sworn last updated on an altar, which carried it to the battlefield was three oaths on the their cause is righteous before God.
This was the final preparations for battle made. Now both fighters were waiting for the beginning of the struggle in which there would be only one rule: should be fought until one gave up the two combatants or dead and thus beyond doubt the guilt was certain.
The herald cried three times: "Faites vos devoirs" (Do your duty), then a white glove flung through the air and shouted: "Laissez les-all" (Let it go). The battle had begun. Carrouges and Le Gris rode three times against each other, then broke their lances. Both changed the battle from the saddle and trying to shock the armor of the enemy to penetrate or "the enemy off balance and get out of the saddle to To consider giving each other caught on the bent part of the ax. " "Several times they parted, to rest and take breath, and then they took their futile struggle again." During the Axefighting lost their lives both horses, both combatants and their axes. On the ground they fought with swords and attacked more now "full of rage and courage" with "cutting, pushing and hitting." Le Gris discovered a nakedness to Carrouges and gave him the sword in the thigh, but quickly pulled it back out and then backed away. "The wound might have been fatal if his enemy had left the blade in the wound. But [he; Author's note] pulled out his sword immediately. " Maybe he will now wait until the blood loss Carrouges weakened and made an easy target. Carrouges but "summoned all his strength, his courage and went up to his enemy." "His left hand grabbed Carrouges Le Gris at the top of his helmet, drew the enemy toward him, suddenly stepped back several steps and threw his opponent to the ground where he lay stretched out and could not get up because of the weight of his armor." Carrouges, standing over him, "struggled to find a gap or a crack in the armor of his enemy, but the squire was wrapped from head to foot in steel." Carrouges went into the ground fighting, fixed Le Gris, as he knelt on him and broke up after a long and tough battle, the castle of Le Gries visor helmet. Carrouges drew his dagger and shouted at him to confess. Le Gris shouted back: "In the name of God and the danger of damnation of my soul back, I am not guilty of this crime." With the words "was then condemned" Carrouges killed with the dagger his opponent. Then, after a moment of pause, he went to the royal stand, bowed before it, and cried then turned to the quantity: (Did I fulfill my duty)? "Ai-je fait mon devoir" And the crowd responds: "Oui ! Oui! ". This image on the preparations and the end of the duel is given by the research of Eric Jager.
In contrast, the chronicler Froissart the course of the battle described in his Chronicles (Book III, Chapter 46) as follows:
"The two combatants rushed forward and were compared with established, as they mounted their horses, they gave a magnificent picture, because they were both experienced fighters. In their first course they did not hurt each other. After both were tilted, they dismounted and prepared themselves to continuing the fight. They fought with courage, but Sir John de Carogne was the first attack on the injured leg and his friends were worried about him, regardless of he fought on so desperate that he crushed his opponent and his sword through his body stabbed, which led to his immediate death;. when he asked the audience, above, he had fulfilled his duty, they replied that he had done this "
refers
Also in the Chronique de Saint-Denys Religieux you a description of the fight, which is different again in the details of the other descriptions:
."Both men entered the arena, ready for the uncertain court fight. And when the marshal gave the signal to attack, they drove their horses forward, drop left their war lances, and presses ahead with courage and with Another soul going on. In this first attempt the other man's thigh Jean broke through with his lance, and this shock would have given him the advantage when he left the spear in the wound. But as he immediately pulled out, it was covered with blood, but instead of being overwhelmed by this vision, making this the injured man daring. However paralyzed afraid the audience for a long time, and no one spoke or breathed, all were between hope and fear torn until Jean found his strength and rushing forward cried: "This day will decide our dispute." With his left hand he took the helm of his opponent at the top End drew him towards her, then pulled him back a bit, threw him to the ground, where he lay still, weighed down by his armor. Then Jean took his sword and killed his opponent with great difficulty, for he was fully prepared. Although the victor to the vanquished, while this was on the ground, many times called upon to tell the truth, the loser said no each time they wish, but in the end he was sentenced according to the custom of the fight, to be hanged on a gallows "
After the fight was hanged, the body of Jacques Le Gris in Montfaucon. Jean de Carrouges survived his injury and increased in the following years at the French court a 'chevalier d'honneur' on. He died in September 1396 at Nicopol in the crusade against the Turkish Sultan Bayezid I.
Jean Jacques Le Gris de Carrouges and contested the last ordeal, which was the French king and Parliament recognized as the Supreme Court to find the truth. Chroniclers and historians of all ages remain to this day disagree on the question of guilt of the Jacques Le Gris.
another chapter to the story producer Martin Scorsese might add, for he has rumored to be shown interest in the material. Cast as are Matt Damon (Jean de Carrouges) and Leonardo DiCaprio (Jacques Le Gris) talking.
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